What is Servalyt?
Servalyt are low molecular weight molecules of zwitterionic character. They are a mixture of synthetically derived species. They have an average molecular weight distribution of 400 to 1000 dalton and are made up of a multitude of varying pI-values. In agarose and polyacrylamide gels containing ampholytes, a pH gradient is built up when an electric field is applied the ampholyte molecules carry a net charge and hence migrate in the electric field between the electrodes as long as they reach the position of corresponding pI. They will stop moving and form small plateaus.
Benefits of Servalyt are::
● high resolution due to multimeric composition
● fast staining and destaining times
● clear background associated with very low unspecific binding of dyes and stains
● high solubility in trichloroacetic acid
● virtually no interaction with metal ions
Mass Distribution and properties of Servalyt
In an attempt to prepare isoelectric buffers as BGEs for CE, carrier ampholytes with Ampholine of pH 7-9; Servalyt of pH 7-9; Bio-Lyten of pH 8-10 and Pharmalyte of pH 8-10.5. It have been subdivided into 20 fractions, of ca. 0.1 pH unit span. The results identifies the number of different molecular mass compounds present in every brand, as well as the number of isoforms is associated with a given M(r) value. Ampholine is made up of 29 species, and 85 different isoforms. Bio-Lyte is made of 43 compounds, and 136 isoforms. Pharmalyte contains 58 different M(r) chemicals, 102 isoforms and Servalyt is constituted by 65 species, for a total of 306 compounds. A very large proportion of these species are ‘poor carrier ampholytes’ in which they are unable to focus. They are distributed along the generated pH gradient in the electric field. The pH gradient is created by the minority of species that appear at their pI position into reasonably sharp zones. Even in the small fraction, up to 20 different compounds can be detected. It is concluded that very few with different useful pK values are utilized for the synthesis and that a new generation of CAs with a more population of amines with proper values within the given pH intervals must be sought. Ampholine, the poorest of the commercial brands, that appears to be made with the original synthesis devised by reacting a concoction of oligo amines with alpha,beta-unsaturated acids.
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